Insolvency Law · Andorra
Find a bankruptcy lawyer in Andorra for debt and insolvency matters
Describe your situation and we match you with an advocate admitted to the Andorran bar who works on insolvency, debt and enforcement files. Matching is free and you decide afterwards whether to instruct.
- Advocates admitted to the Col·legi Oficial d’Advocats d’Andorra
- Proceedings conducted in Catalan before the Andorran courts
- Judicial fees and free legal aid set out in plain terms
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Bankruptcy and insolvency
Insolvency and debt proceedings in Andorra
If debts have stopped being manageable, the first useful step is understanding how Andorran proceedings actually work. A bankruptcy lawyer in Andorra can explain where your matter will be heard, which procedural route applies to the value of your claim, and what the other side is entitled to do next. Andorra is a parliamentary co-principality with a fully separated judicial power created by the 1993 Constitution, and justice is administered by independent batlles and magistrates. Practice before those courts is reserved to advocates admitted to the Col·legi Oficial d’Advocats d’Andorra, and proceedings are conducted in Catalan. Below you can see how first-instance and appeal courts are organised, which deadlines run after notification, what judicial fees apply and when free legal aid may be granted.
Andorra in practice
How insolvency-related court work is organised in Andorra
Andorra is a parliamentary co-principality whose 1993 Constitution created a fully separated judicial power, and justice is administered in the name of the Andorran people by independent and irremovable batlles and magistrates. Civil, criminal and administrative jurisdiction is exercised by the bodies listed in the Llei qualificada de la Justícia of 3 September 1993. The points below set out what that means for a debt or insolvency file.
Where the matter is heard
The Llei qualificada de la Justícia of 3 September 1993 allocates judicial power to the Batlles, the Tribunal de Batlles, the Tribunal de Corts and the Tribunal Superior de Justícia, structured into civil, criminal and administrative jurisdictions. The Batllia d’Andorra hears first instance and investigation, while the Tribunal Superior de Justícia is the highest instance and hears appeals.
Who may act for you
The practice of law in Andorra is reserved to advocates admitted to the Col·legi Oficial d’Advocats d’Andorra under Law 48/2014, as amended by Law 10/2023. Admission requires the required law degree, the Andorran aptitude certificate after passing the exams, the regulated practical traineeship and full capacity to practise. There is no separate procurador: the same lletrat represents and defends you.
Judicial fees in civil matters
Judicial fees exist under the Llei de taxes judicials of 22 June 2000 and apply to contentious and voluntary civil proceedings as well as the administrative jurisdiction; criminal proceedings as such are not subject to the fee. The taxpayer is the claimant or applicant for the court service, and the fee is treated as procedural costs. Article 5 exempts persons declared in a state of poverty or insolvency who have been granted official legal assistance.
Free legal aid
Free legal aid (benefici de justícia gratuïta) is granted by the judge, by reasoned order, to persons who prove insufficient economic resources, taking into account income, basic expenses, dependent family members and their overall patrimonial situation. It covers duty-advocate assistance, defence and representation at every stage of the same criminal proceeding, authorised procedural expenses, and free judicial copies and notarial acts. A decision is issued within a maximum of one month from a complete application.
Language and legal research
Catalan is the sole official language of the State and of judicial activity, so proceedings, filings and judgments are in Catalan — a practical point when contracts and accounts arrive in another language. Andorran civil law is not codified in a single code: it combines statutes with the usages and customs of the Principality and the case law of the Tribunal Superior de Justícia, so research normally covers both legislation and jurisprudence.
How periods are counted
Procedural periods are counted in business days only: Saturdays, Sundays, public holidays, August and the Christmas period are not counted. A civil appeal against a final judgment runs for 20 business days from notification, opposition to an admitted appeal for 20 business days, and a motion for reconsideration for 13 business days. Missing a period can close an argument permanently.
The country data on this page comes from official Andorran sources — the Consell Superior de la Justícia, the Col·legi Oficial d’Advocats d’Andorra, the Consell General and the Andorran legal portal (Portal Jurídic) — consulted in 2025.
- Consell Superior de la Justícia — Andorran judicial organisation
- Col·legi Oficial d’Advocats d’Andorra (CADA)
- Codi de procediment civil — Andorran legal portal
- Llei qualificada de la Justícia, 3 September 1993
- Llei de taxes judicials, 22 June 2000
- Free legal aid — Andorran legal portal
- Constitution of Andorra — Consell General
- Law 48/2014 on the practice of the legal profession
- Law 31/2018 on labour relations
- Ordinary civil procedure — Andorran legal portal
- Law 15/2022 on urban leases
Common problems
What makes a debt or insolvency file in Andorra difficult
Most delays in Andorran proceedings come from three practical points rather than from the merits of the case.
Documents and notices in Catalan
Once creditors start enforcement, the paperwork in Andorra is in Catalan and the procedural steps are short. Without a local advocate, court notifications and filings are easy to miss, and the periods that matter run in business days only.
The right procedure for the value of the claim
Andorran civil procedure splits by value. Claims of EUR 20,000 or more, of indefinite value, or which cannot be heard in a verbal procedure go to the ordinary route, and that choice shapes the timetable of the whole case.
Fees and legal aid are easily misjudged
Judicial fees exist in Andorra and are borne by the claimant in civil and administrative proceedings. Free legal aid is granted only on proof of insufficient resources, and the judge decides within a maximum of one month from a complete application.
Why use our matching
How we connect you with the right advocate
We do not practise law ourselves. We listen to your situation and introduce you to advocates who work on insolvency, debt and enforcement in Andorra.
Advocates admitted in Andorra
The practice of law in the Principality is reserved to advocates admitted to the Col·legi Oficial d’Advocats d’Andorra, so your file is handled by someone qualified to act before the Andorran courts.
One professional, representation and defence
Andorra has no separate procurador profession: the lletrat admitted to the Andorran bar both represents and defends the client, so you deal with a single point of contact from the first filing to the final hearing.
Court work carried out in Catalan
Catalan is the sole official language of the State and of judicial activity. The advocates we match you with draft filings and plead in Catalan, which matters when your documents, contracts and accounts are written in another language.
Costs you can raise before you commit
Advocates’ fees are freely agreed between client and advocate, while judicial fees in the civil jurisdiction are borne by the claimant. You can raise both points at the first meeting, before any commitment is made.
Cross-border clients
Debt and insolvency matters with a cross-border element
Files handled in Andorra frequently involve creditors, assets or family members based elsewhere. We regularly introduce clients resident in the following countries to advocates practising in the Principality.
Frequently asked questions
Bankruptcy and insolvency in Andorra: common questions
How do I find a bankruptcy lawyer in Andorra?
Tell us what you are facing — creditor enforcement, the insolvency of a company or personal debt — and we match you with an advocate admitted to the Col·legi Oficial d’Advocats d’Andorra who handles that kind of work. Matching is free and you decide afterwards whether to instruct.
Who is allowed to represent me before an Andorran court?
Practice is reserved to advocates admitted to the Col·legi Oficial d’Advocats d’Andorra. Admission requires the required law degree, the Andorran aptitude certificate after passing the exams, and completion of the regulated practical traineeship. Andorra has no separate procurador profession, so one advocate both represents and defends you.
In which language will my case be conducted?
Catalan is the sole official language of the State and of judicial activity in Andorra: proceedings, filings and judgments are in Catalan. Documents produced abroad usually need translation, and your advocate will draft the submissions that go before the Andorran courts in Catalan.
What does it cost to bring civil proceedings in Andorra?
Judicial fees exist under the Llei de taxes judicials of 22 June 2000 and are borne by the claimant or applicant for the court service in the civil and administrative jurisdictions. Advocates’ fees are freely agreed between client and advocate, and the court deals with procedural costs when it closes the proceedings.
Can I obtain free legal aid in Andorra?
Free legal aid (benefici de justícia gratuïta) is granted by the judge, by reasoned order, to persons who prove insufficient economic resources, taking into account income, basic expenses, dependent family members and their overall patrimonial situation. A decision is issued within a maximum of one month from the filing of a complete application.
How are procedural deadlines counted in Andorra?
Periods are counted in business days only: Saturdays, Sundays, public holidays, August and the Christmas period are not counted. A civil appeal against a final judgment must be filed within 20 business days of notification, and 13 business days in special procedures.
Next step
Tell us about your debt or insolvency matter in Andorra
Describe your situation in a few lines. We compare it with the advocates on our panel who work on insolvency, debt and enforcement before the Andorran courts, and put you in touch — free of charge and with no obligation to instruct.